The period Gilded Age - from 1870 to 1900s - was a period of rapid industrialization and laissez-fair capitalism, during this period men like John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie made fortunes and preached the “survival of the fittest” in business.
This Laissez Faire philosophy allowed these men to gain industry power and kill any other business that could even compete with them with their strength and monopoly. This caused low income, bad working conditions, long hours of labor in dangerous factories and mines. The government did not regulate any aspect because of the laissez fair philosophy.
The first main event that caused disbelief in laissez faire was the first great depression in 1819 - the government’s only act was to ease the terms of payment for its own land debtors.
The second great depression in 1929 also caused by the laissez fair policy, changed everything. With the 1929 depression, the “New Deal” program changed the philosophy to interventionism.
1. Naturalization. She was not an American citizen through her parents or where she was born, but she went through the process to become a citizen.
2. Not a citizen. She was not an American citizen through her parents or where she was born, and has not yet completed the steps (passed the exam and sworn allegiance) to become a citizen. She is still a citizen of Ghana.
As the scope of responsibilities of the President of the United States increased during the 20th century, the Vice-President came to be relied upon to handle greater responsibilities also.
A 21st century Vice-President, Joe Biden, said it well: “The way the world has changed, the breadth and the scope of the responsibility an American president has virtually requires a vice president to handle serious assignments, just because the president’s plate is so very full." Biden was quoted in the book, The American Vice Presidency: From Irrelevance to Power, published by Smithsonian Books in 2014.
Another point might be made about 20th century Vice-Presidents -- especially in the latter half of the century. A number of Vice-Presidents became President because of things that happened to the President. . President Franklin Roosevelt died while in office, and was succeeded by his Vice-President, Harry Truman (in 1945). Vice-President Lyndon Johnson became President when John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963. Gerald Ford rose from Vice-President to President when Richard Nixon resigned to avoid impeachment.
In the current situation of American politics, with partisan politics strongly dividing Congress, Vice-President Mike Pence has functioned a number of times as the tie-breaking vote in the Senate on important matters -- another way the Vice-Presidency has taken on greater responsibility lately.
Zambezi,Congo,and Niger rivers acted as highways for travelers and traders. Camel caravans gave travelers an easier way to travel through vast deserts and valleys with ease. West African migrators (bantuspeakers) migrated into Southern Africa, merging with existing cultures as they settled. Hope this helped!
4Fe+6O2 2Fe2O3 is the banced equation.