Hii!!
The purpose of mitosis is to create two new perfectly identical cells when either there is a need to replace old or damaged cells and to reproduce asexually by making new cells. Some organisms use mitosis to replace body parts. For example starfish replace lost arms by mitosis. Some organisms such as the hydra use mitosis to produce genetically identical offspring.
There are four stages of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
1) Prophase: chromatin into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope break down, chromosomes attach to spindle fibres by their centromeres
2) Metaphase: chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate (centre of the cell)
3) Anaphase: sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
4) Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes unfold into chromatin, cytokinesis can begin
● The order of the stages of mitosis can be remembered using the mnemonic PMAT.
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<span>A cell can only grow so large in size because its
ability to exchange materials is affected by a growing surface-to-volume ratio.
Nature designed cells to be small in size because of the network of membranes
passing through it. If cells grow any bigger, membranes in it will not be able
to pass through its different parts and perform their purpose.
A cell is a network composed of many organelles (e.g. mitochondria, nucleus),
that communicate and work together to provide bodily functions. The cell is
small so that communication between organelles will be faster and much easier. When
cells are small they can be easily repaired when damaged and replicated when
needed.</span>
Answer: <em>The Bottleneck Effect</em>
Explanation:
A Bottleneck effect is the sharp reduction of numbers of a population through environmental effects or human activity. It causes a loss of the genetic pool and its variety; genetic variation lowers and increases with time as random mutations occur.
