Below 0°C (273.15K, 32°F)
The dermis is the layer of the skin where the sweat glands which work to cool your body are found.
<h3>What are sweat glands?</h3>
Sweat glands are glands which produce sweat which is helps to cool the body when the body is hot.
The sweat glands are found in the middle layer of the skin known as dermis.
The other layers of skin are the epidermis found in the outermost layer and the hypodermis found in the deepest layer of the skin.
Therefore, the dermis is the layer of th skin where the sweat glands which work to cool your body are found.
Learn more about dermis at: brainly.com/question/14501560
*The rate at which radioactive decay occurs.
*How much radioactive decay has occurred.
Typically, it takes between 500 to 1000 years for a primary succession to reach a climax community.
A primary succession usually begin in bare place with may be only rocks or soil while a climax community is a mature community that signifies the end of growth of a community. It takes year for a primary succession to become a climax community.<span />
Electron transport chain (ETC) refers to a series of complexes involved in the transfer of electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors through the reduction and oxidation reactions.
The similarities between the ETC in mitochondria and chloroplasts are as follows-
1. Both involve the electron transport chains on their inner membranes.
2. The energy produced pumps the protons against their concentration gradient across a membrane.
3. ATP synthase is used.
4. Two protons provide energy for the production of three molecules of ATP.
The differences between the ETC in mitochondria and chloroplasts are as follows-
Mitochondria- It uses the process of oxidative phosphorylation and chemical energy from the reduction-oxidation reactions. The electron transport chain occurs in the cristae. The coenzymes involved include the NAD and FAD. ATP synthase is located in the cristae. The protons are pumped out of the matrix. The final electron acceptor is the oxygen.
Chloroplast- It uses the process of photophosphorylation and the light energy. The electron transport chain occurs in the thylakoid membrane. The coenzyme involved is the NADP. ATP synthase is located in the thylakoid membrane. The protons are pumped into the thylakoids. The final electron acceptor is the chlorophyll in cyclic photophosphorylation and NADPH+ in the non-cyclic photophosphorylation.
