Answer:
The electron transport chain may be defined as the sequential steps of the oxidation and reduction of the cytochromes. The electron transport chain is important for the production of ATP.
The gramicidn protein is an ionophoric antibiotic that can affect the electron transport system. The electron transport rate, oxygen uptake and proton pumping remains the same as more hydrogen ions will enter in the cell. But the ATP synthesis rate might decrease and completely stop by using gramicidin.
Answer:
Please find the explanation below
Explanation:
Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) are two electrolytes that play important role in the absorption of water and nutrients in the small intestine. However, as mentioned in the question, the release of sodium and chlorine would lead to a loss of water in the intestines. This is because of the OSMOTIC phenomenon.
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of high concentration of water/low concentration of solute to a region of low concentration of water/high concentration of solute via a semipermeable membrane. In this case, the Na+ and Cl- ions serve as the solutes, which when released out of the intestine causes the solution in the intestines to be HYPOTONIC compared to the intestinal environment. This causes an OSMOTIC GRADIENT.
This osmotic gradient i.e. difference in concentration provokes osmotic flow of water from the intestines, which has a low solute/high water concentration, to the outside of the intestines, which has a high solute/low water concentration. Hence, water is lost from the intestine because the solute concentration becomes low when sodium and chlorine ions are released.
The correct answer is: C) the place where the parent DNA becomes unzipped during DNA replication is called the replication fork.
DNA Polymerase doesn't build DNA from scratch, rather it adds the correct nucleotides to the complementary parent strand.
DNA Polymerase adds nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction, not the 3' to 5' direction.
DNA is made semiconservatively, meaning that there is a template strand from the parent DNA with a complementary strand being the new daughter strand.
The strand that is made continuously is the leading strand. The lagging strand is not made continuously, as it requires the use of Okazaki fragments.
All life has a common ancestor which can be traced through different lineages. Due to the fact that any new generation comes from two parents who do not share the same features. As the number of generations increases the resemblance to previous ancestors begins to minimize. For example I have brown eyes just like my mother, however, my great great grandmother had hazel eyes.
