Answer:
longer is lower shortwe is higher
The group in which a star is classified according to its spectrum, especially using the Harvard classification.
Answer:
Results
We systematically analyze and compare how different modelling methodologies can be used to describe translation. We define various statistically equivalent codon-based simulation algorithms and analyze the importance of the update rule in determining the steady state, an aspect often neglected. Then a novel probabilistic Boolean network (PBN) model is proposed for modelling translation, which enjoys an exact numerical solution. This solution matches those of numerical simulation from other methods and acts as a complementary tool to analytical approximations and simulations. The advantages and limitations of various codon-based models are compared, and illustrated by examples with real biological complexities such as slow codons, premature termination and feedback regulation. Our studies reveal that while different models gives broadly similiar trends in many cases, important differences also arise and can be clearly seen, in the dependence of the translation rate on different parameters. Furthermore, the update rule affects the steady state solution.
Conclusions
The codon-based models are based on different levels of abstraction. Our analysis suggests that a multiple model approach to understanding translation allows one to ascertain which aspects of the conclusions are robust with respect to the choice of modelling methodology, and when (and why) important differences may arise. This approach also allows for an optimal use of analysis tools, which is especially important when additional complexities or regulatory mechanisms are included. This approach can provide a robust platform for dissecting translation, and results in an improved predictive framework for applications in systems and synthetic biology.
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two steps of expression of a gene in their correct chronological order are Transcription then translation.(option a)
The process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce protein or non-coding RNA end products and ultimately affect a phenotype as the final effect is known as gene expression.
It comprises two significant stages: translation and transcription, Gene expression is made up of transcription and translation working together to form a polypeptide.
- The production of RNA from DNA is known as transcription. The enzyme RNA polymerase acts as the catalytic agent.
- The process by which a messenger RNA's genetic code is decoded to produce a particular polypeptide chain is known as translation. A particular amino acid is specified in each genetic code.
Learn more about protein synthesis here: brainly.com/question/1124096
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(complete question)
The expression of a gene to form a polypeptide occurs in two major steps. What are these two steps in their correct chronological order?
a. transcription and then translation
b. replication and then translation
c. translation and then transcription
d. replication and then transcription
e. transcription and then replication
