In both cases the electron transport chain<span> uses the energy to pump hydrogen ions across a membrane</span>
Answer: a cell membrane
Explanation: But remember that bacteria do have their DNA inside their protein envelope. They don’t have a nucleus, but they do have DNA making them also have the ability to reproduce.
More likely to avoid extinction,
1-if we have a wide range of genetic variation, we are more likely to survive ( take a disease for an example if we all have the same genes for weak immunity then we all die, but if genetic variation exists its more likely that we survive)
2- larger population will mean more people, more people mean greater genetic variation due to sexual reproduction.
3-wide range of geographic choices decreases extinction because if an area is affected by a natural disaster the rest if the areas will survive
Each step of the energy transfer in an ecosystem is called the trophic level