The two countries that increased their military spending in the 1910-1914 was Russia and Germany.
It was the "never surrender" mentality of the Japanese army. The thought was of dealing with a million or 2 million US lives to invade Japan. The use of the atomic weapon was to save lives.
Negotiation between union leaders and business management is called : Collective bargaining
in collective bargaining, the union leaders and business management usually talked about the more acceptable condition for the workers that would benefit both parties
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