25 percent. Assuming wrinkled seeds are recessive. The ratio for two heterozygous crosses for one trait will stay the same-- 3:1, with 1 being recessive.
Answer and explanation;
The hydrophobic effect is the observed tendency of non-polar substances to aggregate in an aqueous solution and exclude water molecules. Hydrophobic interaction is mostly an entropic effect originating from the disruption of highly dynamic hydrogen bonds between molecules of liquid water by the non-polar solute.
Introduction of such a non-hydrogen bonding surface into water causes disruption of the hydrogen bonding network between water molecules.
Water dissolves molecules (proteins and nucleic acids) that display on their solvent-accessible surfaces groups that can h-bond [hydroxyl, carbonyl, ester groups; they're polar uncharged...also charged groups; protonated amines, carboxylates and phosphate ethers.
Molecules with internal h-bonds dissolve in water, some/all internal h-bonds may be in dynamic exchange with h-bonds in water
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Polar nature of water contributes to ability to dissolve non-ionic polar organic molecules, such as phenols, esters, amides; have large dipole moments and interaction with water dipole promotes solubility in water.
Answer:
In the field of biology, karyotype can be described as the complete array of chromosomes that an individual possesses.
To use karyotype for determining the genetic disorders, a person must have knowledge about the normal karyotype so that the defected karyotype can be detected by comparison from the normal karyotype. The deletions, insertions can easily be recognized by such a manner.
You can infer that the birds once had a common ancestor but became separated. Mutations in copying their genes stacked and caused changes in the beaks so the birds could be more well off or better adapted in their new environment.
