Answer:
-(1/4πϵ0)Qq/r^2
Step-by-step explanation:
Firstly we have to assume the uniform shell of radius R as point charge as the point charge.
Then apply coulomb equation of electrostatic charge (Fe=q1q2/4πϵ0r2) where the q1 and q2 are point charges and r is the distance from the centre of charges.
But remember there's a condition that r>>R otherwise the charge will get non-uniformely distributed.
Answer:
"Because the particles (electrons and ions) in a plasma have an electrical charge, the motions and behaviors of plasmas are affected by electrical and magnetic fields. ... Ions have a positive electrical charge because they have more positively charged protons than negatively charged electrons."
-Educationscied.ucar.edu › plasma
(2*40%+x*10<span>0%)/(2+x) = 70%; calculate x !</span>
