emergent norm theory
The theory hypothesizes that non-traditional behavior develops in crowds as a result of the emergence of
new behavioral norms in response to a precipitating crisis.New conventions must form as part of the collective action.
White supremacists carried medieval signs in Charlottesville because the miedeval signs are used by people in France and Britain to represent a time of racial purity in their country that never existed and never will exist. In general, white supremacists just want to make up fantasies of a time that never existed with the miedeval signs.