German-American anthropologist and a pioneer of modern anthropology.. if you're speaking of a person.
as according to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I
The U.S. was trying to not enter WW1 for at least 2 years
The answer would be 2,3 and 4
Italian polymath Galileo Galilei espoused the view of heliocentricism in the early 17th century, contrary to the geocentrism which was commonly accepted at the time.