The correct answer is: Protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space
Chemiosmosis can be described as movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. It occurs during the cellular respiration within mitochondria and it is involved in ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation via ATP synthase).
Electrons from electron carriers (NADH and FADH) donate electrons to the electron transport chain and that causes changes in protein complexes of electron transport chain. As a consequence, protein complexes pump H+ across a selectively permeable cell membrane from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space of mitochondria.
H+ can only get back and pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane with the help of ATP synthase (down their electrochemical gradient). ATP synthase turned by the force of the H+ diffusing through it forms ATP by adding a phosphate to ADP.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Involuntary functions of the body system; processes taking place in the body that is done without conscious efforts such as digestion, bloodflow, the heartbeat are controlled by the autonomic nervous system which is a part of the peripheral nervous system.
In an experiment, that subjected participants to increasing isolation in a computerized ball-tossing game, fMRI scans showed activity in the cingulate cortex, a region of the brain that is active during EMOTIONAL PAIN.
Cingulate cortex is the limbic lobe involved in emotion formation, memory, learning, problem solving and self control.
Enzymes are considered catalysts, they help reactants and can be used over and over
