Externalities - An externality is such type of outcome which is not directly incureed by the producer but its consequences are incurred by society as a whole. The externalities can be negative as well as positive.
Negative externality- A externality that has a negative and harmful effect on society, as well as firms, are called negative externalities.
- For eg., A firm polluting the environment to save the cost of production will have negative consequences on society as a whole.
Positive externality - An outcome of the decisions and execution of a company that has led to positive consequences for both company and the society.
- For eg., the perfect example of positive externalities is the research and development work of any company. The research and development benefits not only the company to enhance its efficiency but it also benefits society by gaining the knowledge from the research, employment from work, etc,
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The major causes of this decline included political changes in England, disease, and wars. Cultural Interaction The culture of feudalism, which centered on noble knights and castles, declined in this period
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English writer William Shakespeare helped to shape the English language because Shakespeare's plays influenced the way English was spoken in England. The way he used spelling, grammar, structure, and the vocabulary he chose to include in his plays, influenced the way people started to speak English.
So next time your teacher congratulates you for the way you speak English, thank Shakespeare for his influence.
Answer: Marie Skłodowska Curie (/ˈkjʊəri/ KEWR-ee;[3] French: [kyʁi]; Polish: [kʲiˈri]), born Maria Salomea Skłodowska (Polish: [ˈmarja salɔˈmɛa skwɔˈdɔfska]; 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934), was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity.
As part of the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes, she was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and the only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two scientific fields. She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris.[4]
She was born in Warsaw, in what was then the Kingdom of Poland, part of the Russian Empire. She studied at Warsaw's clandestine Flying University and began her practical scientific training in Warsaw. In 1891, aged 24, she followed her elder sister Bronisława to study in Paris, where she earned her higher degrees and conducted her subsequent scientific work.
She shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband Pierre Curie and physicist Henri Becquerel, for their pioneering work developing the theory of "radioactivity" (a term she coined).[5][6] Using techniques she invented for isolating radioactive isotopes, she won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of two elements, polonium and radium.
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