I think the correct answer is crust. I am really sorry if I am wrong.
The characteristics that many island countries in the Pacific Ocean share is that they experience significant seismic activity. This is because of the Pacific Rim and the plates are under these islands.
They form in the ocean where undersea volcanoes are errupting. The magma turning into lava piles up on top of itself over lots of time to form land.
Answer:
The further the latitude away from 0, the less solar energy distribution.
Explanation:
As you get away from the latitude of zero in a northern or southern direction, the energy distribution will decrease, due to the colder climate as you go south or north.