Answer:
By declaring themselves an independent nation, the American colonists were able to confirm an official alliance with the Government of France and obtain French assistance in the war against Great Britain.
<u><em>In 1684</em></u> the government of <em><u>Charles II</u></em> revoked the <u>Massachusetts Bay Company colonial charter</u>. This was a joint stock trading company chartered by the English crown in 1629 to colonize a vast area in <em><u>New England</u></em>. John Winthrop, Thomas Dudley, Henry Vane, Richard Bellingham, John Endecott, John Leverett, and Simon Bradstreet were some of the Governors. The main reason in England to take this decision was not to attain efficiency in administration but to guarantee that the purpose of the colonies was to make England richer. After the revocation of the <u>Massachusetts charter</u>, <u><em>King Charles II</em></u> and the Lords of Trade moved forward with plans to establish a unified administration over some of the New England colonies.
B. The fear that communism would fail in the United States
The final loss of Jerusalem for European forces can be considered to be between 1270 and 1272. In the year 1270, Louis IX of France who lead the (arguably called) Eight crusade died on the shores of modern day Tunisia. This had effectively ended the Eight crusade and also led Henry III of England's son Edward to sail to Acre and try to reclaim the city. He was, however, unsucessful and had to return back to England. His demise marks the ending of the Ninth crusade which lasted from around 1271 to 1272. After this crusade no major attempt from Europe was made again to reclaim Jerusalem or any other city captured by the Crusaders in previous crusades.
