Answer:
a. differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors
Explanation:
Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors is an approach that involves replacing a problem behavior with a positive behavior by reinforcing and stimulating a positive behavior that cannot be exhibited the same time with the problem behavior. Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors works well especially in cases of people having autism spectrum disorder (ASD) where the individual engages in problem behaviors that inflict injury on the individual.
From the question above, the therapist uses the differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors approach, as he uses praise as a reinforcement to increase the frequency at which Zander chews gum or sticks out his tongue, as these behaviors cannot occur together with the behavior of biting of lips. Chewing of gum, sticking out of tongues are reinforced in order to replace the biting of lips with them.
Answer: All listeners hear the same thing.
Explanation: Although Alex and Jeff were present at the meeting, Jeff seemed not to be certain whether their boss made mention that they should expect layoffs.
Listening is the process of making sense of others' spoken messages. i.e hang on to every word by constructing meaning to what you hear. Obviously in this case, Jeff was giving a different meaning to what he heard the boss say.
This debunks the myth that every one listening hears the same thing .
