Native American tribes, weather, the tail itself, illness, loss of food or cattle, and the distance of the trail for the time people were walking.
If the head of the department is elected by the governor then first, the governor will have an influence over who the head of the department is, and second, it will mean that this person will have to seek approval of the governor - this will support cooperation.
On the other hand, being elected in their own right will support independence.
they fought wars against muslim leaders
It makes it harder for the air to get down to the lungs.