Answer:
Ivan Pavlov
Explanation:
Associative learning is a type of conditioning, a theory that states behavior based on stimulus and reaction can be changed or learned. It is any learningprocess in which a new response becomes associated with a particular stimulus.
Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist best known inpsychology for his discovery of classical conditioning. Pavlov defined a basic associative learning mechanism known as classical conditioning.
According to Merton's typology of prejudice and discrimination, Xavier is an unprejudiced nondiscriminator, whereas Reuben is a prejudiced nondiscriminator.
<h3>Unprejudiced vs. Prejudiced</h3>
Xavier and Reuben cannot be accused of discrimination of African Americans since they both accept them in their chess club. However, there is a big difference between Xavier and Reuben, even if their behavior is the same.
Xavier truly believes African Americans are as intelligent as white Americans, which means he is unprejudiced. Reuben, on the other hand, does not hold the same belief. He is prejudiced against African Americans, thinking they have weak cognitive abilities.
Therefore, even though both can be considered nondiscriminators, Xavier is unprejudiced, whereas Reuben is prejudiced.
Learn more about nondiscriminators here:
brainly.com/question/13782165
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