You should use a T distribution to find the critical T value based on the level of confidence. The confidence level is often given to you directly. If not, then look for the significance level alpha and compute C = 1-alpha to get the confidence level. For instance, alpha = 0.05 means C = 1-0.05 = 0.95 = 95% confidence
Use either a table or a calculator to find the critical T value. When you find the critical value, assign it to the variable t.
Next, you'll compute the differences of each pair of values. Form a new column to keep everything organized. Sum everything in this new column to get the sum of the differences, which then you'll divide that by the sample size n to get the mean of the differences. Call this dbar (combination of d and xbar)
After that, you'll need the standard deviation of the differences. I recommend using a calculator to quickly find this. A spreadsheet program is also handy as well. Let sd be the standard deviation of the differences
The confidence interval is in the form (L, U)
L = lower bound
L = dbar - t*sd/sqrt(n)
U = upper bound
U = dbar + t*sd/sqrt(n)
Using trigonometry
tan(x)=9/6
use your calculator to find x using tan-1(9/6) and you get 56.3° which is basically the first answer
The power is 2 because the numbers of both numerator and denominator are multiplied in double that is 8*8 = 8^2 = 64 and 9*9 = 9^2 = 81
