Answer:
Classical: "relating to ancient Greek or Latin literature, art, or culture." Wikipedia. Classical is basically the study of other cultures. This was a very prominent idea in the Renaissance because of the new theory of humanism.
This answer depends greatly on the time period in question, but generally speaking it is true that the presence of many rivers and mountains protected China from invaders, and allowed their culture to grow with little outside influence, with the exception of Mongolian invasions from the north.
The Democratic Party has traditionally Liberal views