The noncyclic pathway is a FLOW of electrons from water, to photosystem II, to PHOTOSYSTEM I to NADPH. Energy is released as ELECTRONS move through the first electron transfer chain. This energy pumps HYDROGEN IONS into the thylakoid compartment, and then they power the formation of ATP as they flow back out. Sunlight provides the energy needed to keep this cycle going.
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- Luminous energy is trapped by chlorophyll in Photosystem II.
- When the pigment molecules absorb light, electrons provided by water molecules get in a higher energy level.
- The excited electrons go through the electron transport chain from Photosystem II to a less energetic level in photosystem I.
- <em>When the excited electrons leave photosystem II, they are replaced by new electrons extracted from the water molecules. </em>
- Luminous energy absorbed move the electrons from the photosystem I to another electron acceptor, from where they get transported again and used to produce NADPH molecules.
- <em>When electrons leave Photosystem I, they are replaced by new electrons coming from photosystem II. </em>
- When the water molecule breaks down, hydrogen ions remain in the thylakoid lumen, from where they are pumped to the stroma by the ATP synthase.
- The released energy is used to produce ATP molecules.
- Hydrogen ions go back from the stroma to the thylakoid compartment.
The final products are oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.
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A hormone released in the small intestine that stimulates the pancreas to release digestive enzymes and the gallbladder to release bile is known as Cholecystokinin.
Hormones play a huge position for your normal functioning. They manage heart rate, sleep cycles, sexual feature, and replica. Your metabolism, urge for food, growth and development, temper, strain, and body temperatures are all suffering from hormones.
Cholecystokinin is secreted by using cells of the upper small gut. Its secretion is stimulated by using the advent of hydrochloric acid, amino acids, or fatty acids into the belly or duodenum. Cholecystokinin stimulates the gallbladder to settlement and launch stored bile into the gut. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced more often than not inside the duodenum and the jejunum. The physiological roles of CCK are the stimulation of pancreatic secretion and the contraction of the gall-bladder. Secretin and CCK are peptide hormones secreted via the endocrine cells inside the gastrointestinal tract. Secretin stimulates the secretion of water and bicarbonate ions from the pancreas, while CCK stimulates the synthesis and secretion of bile juice and pancreatic enzymes.
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Answer:
Damage to the heart muscle
<span>The penguin population will decrease due to shorter and warmer winters.
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