The earliest land plants were the ones which did not have deep roots. They were the non-vascular plants and included mosses, hornworts, and liverworts. i.e., the bryophytes. They reproduced through spores.
On the graph in plato the y axis starts on 8, so that is our initial height. the graph starts to go lower to ground level until it reaches the 12 on the x axis, this is where the skateboarders would meet ground level on the ramp, and obviously the graph is all positive numbers so the start of the ramp would be on the left edge.
Green algae contain the same carotenoids and chlorophyll a and b as land plants, whereas other algae have different accessory pigments and types of chlorophyll molecules in addition to chlorophyll a. Both green algae and land plants also store carbohydrates as starch.
Blood sugar regulation in a diabetic patient is done by
Injecting prescribed quantity of hormone insulin after definite time intervals.
Consuming prescribed amount of sugars.
Injecting glucagon to maintain blood sugar level if alpha cells of the pancreas are also non-functional.
Explanation:
The concentration of sugar in the blood is regulated by the hormone, insulin, produced in the pancreatic beta cells in normal person and injected from outside in a diabetic person.
When the concentration of glucose in the blood is high, the insulin signals the hepatocytes to express their glucose transporters to take up the excess glucose from blood and convert them to glycogen.
When concentration of sugar in the blood is low, another hormone called glucagon, released from the alpha cells of the pancreas, signals the liver to carry out glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen to glucose) and release the glucose into the blood. This would maintain the glucose level in the blood.
In a diabetic patient, usually the beta cells of the pancreas are affected but not the alpha cells, so the glycogenolysis can occur in the body spontaneously.
But excess injection of insulin should also be avoided as that can cause the blood sugar level to come down below normal.
