<span>In 1819 Ogden sued Thomas Gibbons, who was operating steamboats in the same waters without the authority of Fulton and Livingston. Ogden won in 1820 in the New York Court of Chancery. Gibbons appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, contending that he was protected by terms of a federal license to engage in coasting trade.
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Answer:
its number 3. commercial freight.
Explanation:
During the 19th century till date, nationalism became ome of the most significant political and social forces in history; it is typically listed among the top causes of World War 1. Nationalism, seeks to preserve a nation's culture and is closely linked to patriotism
It is also a sentiment of loyalty toward the nation which is shared by the people. But, like modern students of international relations, they argue that it has been one of the most important forces shaping international politics.
It seems to identify a behavioral entity. It has been an important driver in Independence movements around the world such as the Irish Revolution and Greek Revolution.
It was also a key factor in the establishment of the Confederate States of America, whose stated objective was preservation of the white supremacy. Also in the Holocaust perpetrated by Nazi Germany.
Lastly, nationalism became an important driver of the controversial annexation of Crimea by Russia. Nationalist economic policies have also been cited as a cause of the Opuim Wars between the British Empire and the Qing Dynasty.
The author's hook regarding Japan in the 19th century engages the reader by making the reader wonder how the quotation from the poem relates to the topic of the passage.
<h3>What happened in Japan in the 19th century?</h3>
Japan was not as developed in the 19th century as it is today. Many socio-economic reforms took place in Japan. End of feudal system and kingship were some prolific events during this period.
The author also tells about how the Industrial Revolution struck the Japanese society, and how it won wars from alien enemies and other neighboring countries.
Hence, option B; author's hook regarding Japan in the 19th century engages the readers by making them wonder how the quotation from the poem relates to the topic of the passage.
Learn more about Japan in the 19th century here:
brainly.com/question/337470
Answer:
A free good is a good that is not scarce, and therefore is available without limit. A free good is available in as great a quantity as desired with zero opportunity cost to society. A good that is made available at zero price is not necessarily a free good.
Explanation:
