1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
sveta [45]
3 years ago
7

4. In this investigation oxygen production was used to measure the light reaction. What are

Biology
1 answer:
viktelen [127]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants absorb light energy from the sun with the assistance of water and carbon dioxide, and transform it into chemical energy to make (synthesize) carbohydrate (specifically glucose) and oxygen.

The "light-independent" or dark reactions happen in the stroma of the chloroplasts. This is also known as the Calvin Cycle. Since these processes can only happen in the chloroplast (a chlorophyll filled plastid in green plants), photosynthesis can only happen in green plants!

The first overall principle of photosynthesis is that the light energy from the sun is transformed into chemical energy and stored in the bonds of glucose (the sugar carbohydrate) for later use by the plant and/or organism that eats the plant.

The second overall principle of photosynthesis is that carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms are taken from carbon dioxide and water molecules and are broken up and rearranged into new substances: carbohydrate (specifically glucose) and oxygen gas (so we can breathe, whew!). This reaction represents the transfer of matter: carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, water from the soil or atmosphere, into sugar in the plant and oxygen back into the atmosphere.

Light-Dependent Reactions

The first part of the process happens in the thylakoids of the chloroplasts and are the "light-dependent" reactions: The photosystems I and II absorb the photons from the sunlight and process them through the membranes of the thylakoids simultaneously. The photons excite electrons in the chlorphyll which then move through the electron transport chain and causes NADP- to combine with H+ forming NADPH. At the same time, ADP (adenosine diphosphate) has come from the dark reaction and a third phosphate chain is bonded forming ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to feed the Calvin Cycle next. Remember that ATP is the important source of all cellular energy.

We now believe that all the oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from the water molecules and all oxygen atoms that form the carbohydrates come from the carbon dioxide molecules. So, in other words during the light-dependent reaction a water molecule is broken down producing two H+ ions and half an oxygen molecule. We get the rest of the oxygen molecule when another water molecule is broken down.

Dark Reactions

Dark reactions are also known as the Calvin Cycle, the Calvin-Benson cycle, and light-independent reactions. The point is that they do not require sunlight to complete their process.

After ATP is formed in the first part of photosynthesis, for living things to grow, reproduce and repair themselves, the inorganic form of CO2 must be transformed into carbohydrate. This happens during the Calvin Cycle in the stroma (the fluid filled interior of the chloroplast). ATP and NADPH combine with CO2 and water to make the end product of glucose. The ADP and NADPH+ are recycled to the light-dependent side to start the process over.

Remember that during hours of darkness, plants cannot perform photosynthesis so they do cellular respiration in the mitochondria just as all living organisms do.

Explanation:

I hope this helps

You might be interested in
Where would you find methanogens, which can function only in the absence of oxygen? Select the correct answer. A. roots of plant
podryga [215]
I think the correct answer from the choices listed above is option B. You can find methanogens in the human intestines. These organisms can  work with or without oxygen. Too much of oxygen for them is toxic. They are obligate anaerobes.
4 0
3 years ago
We would expect that a 15-nucleotide sequence that includes a stop codon at the end (as part of the 15-nucleotide sequence) will
slega [8]

Answer: Four amino acids.

Explanation:

RNA (ribonucleic acid) and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) are polymers made up of long chains of nucleotides. Thus, a nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids and consists of a sugar molecule (ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) linked to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. <u>The nitrogenous bases can be Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) or Uracil (U) replacing T in RNA</u>. DNA is the molecule that stores the genetic information to synthesize polypeptides or proteins (set of amino acids). When proteins need to be created, DNA is transcribed into RNA and this RNA is translated in ribosomes to create polypeptides.

Complementarity is the ability to combine with their complement. A and T (or U) are complementary, while C and G are complementary to each other. Complementarity is the principle of replication and transcription, because it is a propery of both DNA and RNA sequences. Their the nucleotide bases at each position of the sequences are complementary, allowing cells to copy information.

Nucleotides in RNA are grouped into codons, which consist of groups of 3 nucleotides where each codon codes for an amino acid. Therefore, <u>the sequence of bases in nucleic acids determines which protein will be synthesized</u>. Protein synthesis begins with a start codon (AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine) and ends with a stop codon (UGA, UAG and UAA). So, if there are 15 nucleotides, there are 15 bases. Since they are grouped in groups of 3, we will have a polypeptide of 4 amino acids.

<u>3 nucleotides form a codon, so 12 nucleotides form 4 codons giving 4 amino acids. The last codon, is formed by the last 3 nucleotides and form the stop codon that stop protein synthesis</u>.

7 0
3 years ago
If you ate more food from secondary consumers, how would this change the percentage of the biomass pyramid necessary to support
Anna007 [38]

Answer:

would increase

Explanation:

The pyramid of biomass is a diagram that exhibits the total biomass of the organisms at different trophic levels, which are required to support life in a given ecosystem. This pyramid usually starts with producers situated on the bottom (e.g., plants), then continues with the organisms that eat these primary consumers (herbivores), after with secondary consumers (carnivores), and so successively. The pyramid of biomass indicates the amount of mass of 1-primary producers required to support the life of the primary consumers, 2- primary consumers needed to support the life of the secondary consumers, 3-secondary consumers needed to support the life of the tertiary consumers, and so successively for each trophic level. In this diagram, the trophic level with a higher amount of biomass (and energy) is usually represented by the producers (i.e., by organisms on the bottom), and this amount of biomass decreases as long as more levels are considered. In consequence, if more food from secondary consumers is consumed, it will produce an increase in the percentage of biomass that is needed to support life.

5 0
3 years ago
"a client with osteoarthritis purchased a copper bracelet to wear and tells the nurse that there is less pain now. which respons
xenn [34]
Copper bracelets and magnetic wristbands are used relieve pain in people with arthritis. Studies conducted on these devices show that they have no efficacy on pain or on stiffness, two of the most characteristic symptoms of arthritis. Although there is no medical data to support the efficacy of the copper bracelet, the patient is not harmed or endangered by wearing it. Therefore, the nurse should respect the fact that the patient is feeling better, but he/she should urge the patient to continue with its prescribed medication. 

5 0
3 years ago
Segments of DNA that contain the code for specific proteins are called _____. A.nucleotides
ivanzaharov [21]
Segments of DNA that contain the code for specific proteins are called genes
4 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • As scientists research, they often find information that does not fit with current theories. What happens when new, contradictor
    10·1 answer
  • Another term for the lateral recumbent position​ is:
    15·1 answer
  • If the osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries increased from 28 mmHg to 35 mmHg due to dehydration, would net filtration
    13·1 answer
  • The softest mineral is _____ with a hardness of _____.
    15·1 answer
  • What is the maximum number of atp molecules that can be produced during the electron transport stage of aerobic respiration?
    9·1 answer
  • Synonym of genotype and definition
    15·1 answer
  • Which is the one reason scientists produce transgenic organisms?
    6·2 answers
  • CAN SOMEONE ANSWER QUESTIONS 22-28 PLZ!!!!!!!!!!!!!
    6·1 answer
  • Read this excerpt from We've Got a Job.
    8·2 answers
  • After a short, high-level exposure to a toxicant, you immediately feel dizzy and nauseous. you are likely showing symptoms of:__
    15·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!