Answer:
First ionization of lithium:
.
Second ionization of lithium:
.
Explanation:
The ionization energy of an element is the energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom or ion of the element in gaseous state. (Refer to your textbook for a more precise definition.) Some features of the equation:
- Start with a gaseous atom (for the first ionization energy only) or a gaseous ion. Write the gaseous state symbol
next to any atom or ion in the equation. - The product shall contain one gaseous ion and one electron. The charge on the ion shall be the same as the order of the ionization energy. For the second ionization energy, the ion shall carry a charge of +2.
- Charge shall balance on the two sides of the equation.
First Ionization Energy of Li:
- The products shall contain a gaseous ion with charge +1
as well as an electron
. - Charge shall balance on the two sides. There's no net charge on the product side. Neither shall there be a charge on the reactant side. The only reactant shall be a lithium atom which is both gaseous and neutral:
.
- Hence the equation:
.
Second Ionization Energy of Li:
- The product shall contain a gaseous ion with charge +2:
as well as an electron
. - Charge shall balance on the two sides. What's the net charge on the product side? That shall also be the charge on the reactant side. What will be the reactant?
- The equation for this process is
.
Food that contains nuts should be prepared last
A large volume of material will have a small amount of mass when the
material in question is gaseous or porous, and therefore has a lot of
space within it despite taking up a large amount of space overall.
Acid-base indicator changes color based on pH.
drop some in a solution n watch the color changes. different indicators show different colors at different pH. they usually have standard colors for comparison.