Answer:
Stars
Explanation:
Sailors would either mark down notes of how many Nauts they have traveled which is how you measure sea distance then at night time they would follow the Nothern Star to find their way home. Thats why on most compasses there is a star on it also it is known that most people thought you would sail off the side of the earth because they believed it was all flat until someone found out that the earth was a Sphere it was an Astronomer as well.
The primary reason for a loss of dignity and self esteem was because people were out of work and could no longer provide for their families
Columbus fought pirates off the coast of Portugal. After his ship sank, Columbus went to Lisbon to join his cartographer brother, Bartholomew.
