4 billion years ago the temperature was much higher due to repeated volcanoes and hot gases present in the atmosphere. There weren't any live forms on earth. ... The atmosphere had a different concentration of gases on the earth. There were no life sustaining gases.
Elbow dysplasia is an inherited developmental abnormality that affects the elbow joint of dogs. It is accepted that the offspring of <span>a </span>dog<span> with the condition are likely </span><span>to develop the condition themselves. Therefore, the likely answer is: '</span>It has low diversity in its genes'. Even though the dog is a mixed breed, it is possible that one or both parents carried the gene for a predisposition to elbow dysplasia.
As soon as the mRNA reached in the cytoplasm, it is fastened up by tiny protein-assembly mechanisms which is known as ribosomes. These attached ribosomes create proteins that will be castoff in the cell and proteins prepared for spread out of the cell.
either heterozygous or hybrid
Answer:
Humoral immunity:
Humoral immunity is mediated by the macromolecules present in the extracellular fluid. This immunity provides protection against the pathogens present in the extracellular fluid. B- cells are mainly produced by the humoral immunity. The plasma cell and memory cells are generated in the human body. Antibodies kill the pathogens in humoral immunity.
Cell mediated immunity:
Cell mediated immunity is activated by the infected cells. This immunity provides protection against intracellular pathogens. T- cells are mainly produced by cell mediated immunity. T helper cells and T killer cells are mainly produced in the cell mediated immunity. Cytokines kill the pathogens in case of cell mediated immunity.
