It depends... what are genotypes of parental individuals?
Answer:
Since high ethanol is a major stress during ethanol fermentation, ethanol-tolerant yeast strains are highly desirable for ethanol production on an industrial scale. A technology called global transcriptional machinery engineering (gTME), which exploits a mutant SPT15 library that encodes the TATA-binding protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Alper et al., 2006; Science 314: 1565-1568), appears to be a powerful tool. to create ethanol tolerant strains. However, the ability of the strains created to tolerate high ethanol content in rich media remains to be demonstrated. In this study, a similar strategy was used to obtain five strains with higher ethanol tolerance (ETS1-5) of S. cerevisiae. When comparing the global transcriptional profiles of two selected strains ETS2 and ETS3 with that of the control, 42 genes that were commonly regulated with a double change were identified. Of the 34 deletion mutants available in an inactivated gene library, 18 were sensitive to ethanol, suggesting that these genes were closely associated with tolerance to ethanol.
Explanation:
Eight of them were novel and most were functionally unknown. To establish a basis for future industrial applications, the iETS2 and iETS3 strains were created by integrating the SPT15 mutant alleles of ETS2 and ETS3 into the chromosomes, which also exhibited increased tolerance to ethanol and survival after ethanol shock in a rich medium. Fermentation with 20% glucose for 24 h in a bioreactor revealed that iETS2 and iETS3 grew better and produced approximately 25% more ethanol than a control strain. The performance and productivity of ethanol also improved substantially: 0.31 g / g and 2.6 g / L / h, respectively, for the control and 0.39 g / g and 3.2 g / L / h, respectively, for iETS2 and iETS3.
Therefore, our study demonstrates the utility of gTME in generating strains with increased tolerance to ethanol that resulted in increased ethanol production. Strains with increased tolerance to other stresses such as heat, fermentation inhibitors, osmotic pressure, etc., can be further created using gTME.
Answer:
Transpiration
Explanation:
Water is absorbed from the soil by the root of plants. Majority of the absorbed water is lost in form of vapor through the stomata of the leaf of plants. This process is called TRANSPIRATION in plants. Transpiration is simply the process whereby water escapes from plants into the atmosphere.
The water leaves in form of a gas (vapor) when the plant opens the stomata on its leaves to enable carbondioxide (CO2) needed for photosynthesis come in and oxygen go out as a waste product of photosynthesis. Since, water in a liquid form leaves in a gaseous form, transpiration is therefore the term used for the evaporation of water in plants.
Answer:
Viruses replicate inside respiratory cells
Explanation:
The common cold is the most frequent disease that affects the human species and also the most frequent one seen by a Primary Care pediatrician. Since the number of infections is inversely related to age, despite its theoretical banality, it is a problem of the greatest quantitative importance, to which an important percentage of care time is devoted. Children are especially susceptible to this infection, due to the lack of development of immunity to most of the causative viruses, the less development of personal hygiene practices and the greater exposure to etiological agents. The cold is the most frequent diagnosis, both in Primary Care and in emergency services; although, its real frequency is masked by the usual use of synonyms (rhinoadenoiditis, rhinopharyngitis, high-altitude cold, upper respiratory infection) that disperse the diagnosis and may lead to the belief that these are different diseases. We prefer the term “common cold”, both because it is the translation of the most commonly used international nomenclature (“the common cold”), as well as being the name by which the population knows the disease, which has an importance beyond of semantics: most of our patients know very well that the cold has no curative treatment, but this is not the case if we make the diagnosis of “rhinopharyngitis” or “adenoiditis”. The impact of this disease on Public Health is incalculable at first visits, repeated unscheduled controls, truancy and work, and a huge economic impact, in the form of prescriptions, most of the time unnecessary, of antibiotics, cough suppressants, anti-thermics, mucolytics, nasal decongestants and antihistamines. On the other hand, the cold generates a routine of care responsible in good part of the demotivation and professional exhaustion of the pediatrician of AP ("burnout").
Its rather A or B, I don't remember too much from my 8th grade science class but I hope I narrowed it down for you!