Worldwide circulation and reutilization of carbon atoms, chiefly due to metabolic processes of living organisms. Inorganic carbon, in the form of carbon dioxide, is incorporated into organic compounds by photosynthetic organisms; when the organic compounds are broken down in respiration, carbon dioxide is released. Large quantities of carbon are "stored" in the seas and the atmosphere, as well as in fossil fuel deposits.
Answer:
Plants and animals benefit each other as members of food chains and ecosystems. For instance, flowering plants rely on bees and hummingbirds to pollinate them, while animals eat plants and sometimes make homes in them. When animals die and decompose, they enrich the soil with nitrates that stimulate plant growth. I know it's not 5, but I hope it helped.
Answer:
D. It is a process of change during which species in a community are established or replaced
Explanation:
Ecological succession is a process that occurs when a community is being established or replaced.
It shows the change in community over time, focusing on the types of plants and the maturity of plants that are in the community.
Primary and secondary succession are the two types of succession. Primary succession shows the process of change in the establishment of a community. Secondary succession shows the change when a community is being replaced.
So, the correct answer is D. It is a process of change during which species in a community are established or replaced
Answer:
The muscular dystrophy may be defined as the medical condition that leads to the weakening of the muscle and reduction in the muscle weight and loss of motor control.
The muscular dystrophy is the autosomal recessive disease. THis occur due to the mutation in the amino acids and arginine is replaced with histidine. The arginine pKa value is high whereas histidine pKa value is nearly upto 6-7. This disrupt the physiology of the proteins, disrupt its structure and result in the formation of misleading protein.
Pathogens are any form of a disease causing bacteria, virus or any other microorganism. When they infect an organism, that organism now has to allocate precious resources in the form of energy in order to fend off the infectious microorganisms. In some other cases, an infection could be fatal to an organism completely and "stability" wouldn't really be the biggest worry for that organism.
In conclusion, if you're talking about a larger, more evolved organism with a working immune system. Pathogens require a lot of energy to fight, and for some small organism without a developed immune system, pathogens could throw them off completely.
