Answer: First line of defense, the cells of the innate recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic and fast way and does not confer long-term or protective immunity. Recruitment of immune cells to the sites of infection and inflammation and activation of the complement system cascade.
Explanation:
Innate immunity is a defense system that you were born with and that protects you against all antigens. Innate immunity consists of barriers that prevent harmful materials from entering the body. These barriers form the first line of defense in the immune response. There are also <u>phagocytic cells</u> of the immune system which include: <u>macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells</u>. The membrane receptors of those cells allow it to act on the recognition of danger signals and they are of the type TLR and PRR. These are Antigen Presenting cells which process the pathogens and display their antigens on their surface and takes it to B lymphocytes for the production of antibodies, which is part of the adaptive immune system.
<u>This means that the cells of the innate recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic and fast way</u> and, unlike the adaptive immune response, <u>does not confer long-term or protective immunity to the host.</u>
So, the main functions of the innate immune response include:
- Recruitment of immune cells to the sites of infection and inflammation, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines.
- Activation of the complement system cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells and promote clearance of dead cells or antibody complexes.
- The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, blood and lymph, by leukocytes.
- The activation of the adaptive immune response through a process known as antigen presentation.
- Inflammation is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection or irritation. It is stimulated by the release of chemical factors and serves to establish a physical barrier against the spread of infection, and to promote the recovery of some damaged tissue following clearance from pathogens. Chemical factors produced during inflammation (histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, leukotrienes) sensitize pain receptors, cause vasodilation of blood vessels at the scene, and attract phagocytes, especially neutrophils.
Answer:
As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the molecules of the liquid increases. The movement of the molecules gradually overcomes forces of attraction between the molecules, with the result that they have greater freedom to move, over greater volumes.
Explanation:
I hope this helps :)
They can also merge in what’s known as an occluded front, an important stage in the development of many of the great weather-making low-pressure systems known as midlatitude cyclones.
Answer:
Synthesize new drugs expand the world’s food production.
Explanation:
Green revolution was started in the 1960's with the main aim to increase the food production by 60-70% to feed the increasing population. The food grains especially rice and wheat.
The green revolution can be more beneficial by applying the benefits of the genetics. The discovery of the new drug or improvement in the earlier food products or the introduction of the desired drug protein in the food can improve the health of the organisms.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
<span>genetic variation in asexual species may have large effects on community and ecosystem functions, increasing their stability, productivity, and species richness.</span>
