The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland that lies in front of the windpipe (trachea), just below the voice box. The parathyroid glands are four tiny glands located behind the thyroid gland. The parathyroid glands produce a substance (parathyroid hormone) that helps control the amount of calcium in the blood.
Neuro means brain, and prosthetic is a part or a stimulator. So basically a neuroprosthetic device is a part that implanted in there brain to act as a part, or to stimulate a certain part of the brain to complete functions.
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A the concentration gradient!