Answer:
La principal función de las mitocondrias es la oxidación de metabolitos (ciclo de Krebs, beta-oxidación de ácidos grasos) y la obtención de ATP mediante la fosforilación oxidativa, que es dependiente de la cadena transportadora de electrones; el ATP producido en la mitocondria supone un porcentaje muy alto del ATP ..
1Effects of chronic tobacco use result in the problems mentioned above!
D. communication
<span>The neuron, a cell
that composes the nervous system. For example a brain, an organ composed
of thousands of neural fibers and glial cells that performs many
important organismic functions.
Neurons are specialised cells that
have dendrites, axons and terminal buttons that sends and receives
stimuli from the environment and transduces it into a meaningful
information and understand the complexities which the brain now
functions. </span>
Rooting Reflex is a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple. Other behaviors include; sucking reflex; when an object is placed in the baby's mouth, he will begin to suck on it; grasping reflex; when touched on the palm of the hand, a baby will wrap his fingers tightly around the stimulus; moro reflex; infant startle response; when alarmed the baby will fling his limbs outward, then retract them and hold them close to his body. and also Babinski reflex; when stroked on the bottom of the foot, a baby will spread its toes.
Answer:
All the given statements are correct except b.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) refers to the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of drug or a chemical that would normally limit its growth or kill it.
It makes it difficult for the existing drugs to eliminate the infection as they become less effective against the microbe.
There are five major mechanisms by which a microbe attains resistance against antimicrobial chemical or drug:
- Drug modification or inactivation: A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent. For example, few bacteria produce β-lactamases which provide multi-resistance against β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporin etc.
- Alteration or modification of target site: An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target. For example, alteration of penicillin binding protein (PBP) in Methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>(MRSA).
- Alteration of metabolic pathway: The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway. For example, sulfonamides-resistant bacteria started using preformed folic acid in place of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA).
- Decreased drug accumulation: Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent (before it could do any damage) by pumping it out of the cell.
- Decrease in cell permeability: The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased
