Answer: Roman Empire:
Powerful Lords Broke up the empire into separate kingdoms.
Without trade, people had to find their own food and basic necessities.
Knowledge of math and science was lost
Gupta Empire:
Hunas were absorbed into the local culture.
Invaders destroyed Hindu temples.
The feudal system began as people turned to lords for protection.
Explanation for Roman Empire. Trade in Rome ceased because all of the roads were in such horrible condition that people could not travel on them. Rome had advanced knowledge of math and science but all their notes on them were mostly destroyed or lost. Rome was divided into two parts the western and eastern kingdoms.
Explanation for Gupta Empire. Hunas began invading Gupta, (Gupta Empire was strongly and mainly Hinduism) they destroyed hindu temples and took control over the Gupta empire and were absorbed into their local culture. The Gupta empire took to feudalism in order to gain protection from foreign invasion.
The abiotic parts of an ecosystem are water, soil, air and dead organic matter. The correct options among all the options that are given in the question are the second, fourth, sixth and seventh options. They are basically non-living things that are present in the ecosystem. I hope it helps you.
The answer would be transform boundaries where crust is neither created or destroyed and an example is movement on the San Andreas Fault which is primarily lateral movement on or close to the surface and no melting of rock is involved.