Answer:
a. The directionality of the complementary strand is antiparallel. The double-stranded DNA is antiparallel comprising two strands, which run alongside each other, however, point in reverse directions. In a double-stranded molecule of DNA, the 5 prime ends of one strand align with the 3 prime ends of the other strand, and vice versa.
b. The mediation of base pairing is done by non-covalent hydrogen bonds. It is reversible, that is, the strands can separate and can come combined again without any chemical modification.
The specificity of base pairing is illustrated by hydrogen bonds that is, the first strand produces hydrogen bonds only with a particular base in the second strand, and these two bases produce a base-pair.
c. The interaction or association of non-covalent type, that is, hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding. Collectively, they both are strong. In the process, one base associate with the other base on the complementary strand.
d. The phosphate backbone possesses the tendency to associate with water on the outside of the molecule, and this is favorable chemically as both the strands are held together by hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction.
The polar molecules of sugar can produce hydrogen bonds with the surrounding molecules of water. The negatively charged phosphate group associate with the positively charged ions. The nonpolar nitrogen bases are found within the molecule and associate favorably through stacking interactions.
The surface layer of the water freezes solid creating a barrier that insulates the ice below so that it keeps a steady temperature usually a few degrees above freezing (32 degrees).
Answer:
This is the basic idea behind his theory of Natural selection
Explanation:
The theory of Natural selection was demonstrate in Darwin's book known as 'Origin of species' which was written in 1859
In this book, the process of change of an organism over time is described and also mentioned about their physical as well as behavioral changes.
Natural selection means the survival and reproduction of individuals by changing the phenotypes.
Natural selection is a process by which the nature accepts those organisms that can change their phenotype in order to survive with changing environment and eliminate those phenotypes that are not favorable for their survival.
<u>Answer:</u>
The sun’s spectrum though not a continuous spectrum allows us to represent the visible radiation. The spectrum from the sun has missing parts because the lights gets absorbed and not because of the sun.
Continuous spectra are discharged by any article that emanates heat. The light is spread out into a consistent band with each wavelength having some measure of radiation. For instance, when daylight is gone through a crystal, the light is spread out into it's colors.
When light passes through the sun’s atmosphere the spectrum is absorbed. The sun’s spectrum consists of seven colors VIBGYOR. When sun’s rays fall into the prism they are disbursed into seven colors.
The pressure in the glomerulus that tends to favour filtration is known as the glomerular capillary pressure.
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Glomerular capillary pressure is the main force in producing glomerular filtration and it is a fluid pressure exerted by blood within glomerular capillaries. It depends on hear contraction and resistance to blood flow by afferent and efferent arterioles in the kidney.</span>
