Answer:
Research and development
Explanation:
Fixed cost is cost that does not vary with output. It is cost that is incurred regardless of the units of output produced
Discretionary fixed cost is cost that is incurred at the discretion of the management of a company.
A company can decide to undertake research and development or not to. So, it is an example of discretionary fixed cost
Answer:
Risk of a bad investment
Explanation:
When an investor is calculating an investment's interest rate, he/she must include all brokerage commissions and fees
, inflation rate (interest rate must exceed the inflation rate) and the investor's opportunity cost.
Investors are risk adverse, which means that a risky investment should yield a higher return. That could be considered a rational investment rule, but it is not included in the calculation of the interest rate.
Answer: 1.41
Explanation:
Given that,
Debt outstanding = $300,000
interest rate = 8% annually
annual sales = $1.5 million
average tax rate = 40%
net profit margin on sales = 4%
interest amount = 300,000 × 0.08
= $24,000
net profit = 4% of 1.5 million
= $6,000
Profit before tax = 
= $10,000
earning before interest and tax = profit before tax + interest
= $10,000 + $24,000
= $34,000
TIE ratio = 
= 
= 1.41
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