Answer:
A) Increase excise taxes on cigarettes.
Explanation:
If this is a true or false the answer would be true.
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The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although you did not attach options for this question, we can comment on the following.
The two events which ended the time of primitive society started the time of animal husbandry society were the end of humans being nomads and the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution.
When humans established between the Rivers Tigris and Euphrates, in the Middle East, they formed the first and oldest civilization on planet Earth: the Sumerians.
There, they developed new and advanced agriculture techniques and could prosper learning the times of the flooding of the rivers. That flooding left a very fertile soil to grow crops. That is why they could establish powerful city-states such as Lagash, Ur, Kish, Nippur, Uruk, or Eridu.
The Neolithic Revolution is also known as the Agriculture Revolution. That is when Sumerians started to plant seeds and domesticate animals.
Answer: It involves associating a positive behavior with a negative stimulus
Explanation: Operant conditioning could simply be explained as a learning process whereby a certain behavior is either strengthened or weakened through reinforcement and punishment respectively. Reinforcement generally involves increase in the probability or likelihood of repeating a behavior either by giving a motivating response after a desired behavior is exhibited called the positive reinforcement. Or a Negative reinforcement whereby a certain behavior leading to the removal of an aversive response or disliked stumulus is motivated such that the behavior is likely to be repeated. When the desired or positive behavior is exhibited, the negative stimulus is removed leading to greater likelihood of exhibiting the behavior.
Punishment on the other hand refers to actions which leads to reduction in the likelihood of repeating a behavior in the future.
