Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
A chromosome is a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism. Essentially, chromosomes are the basic building block of who we, as humans, are. They make up or DNA structure and are responsible for if we have blue eyes or black hair, without chromosomes, us as humans wouldn't exist. We, as humans, are the organisms that chromosomes make.
Answer: Option A.
Polar ice cap in Antarctica.
Explanation:
Scientist drill ice cores from inside the polar ice cap in Antarctica to study variability of climate and differentiate that variability From global climate change. Each layer of the ice tells about weather and what the Earth was like when the first snow fell.
For example, Le grande says that as snow deposits into a growing glacier, the temperature of the air imprints on water molecules.
Icy layers hold particles,aerosols, sea salts, trace elements that were in the atmosphere before and they abide for thousands of years and provide evidence of past events.
Well, A humans brain is bigger than a Sheeps brain, And a human has more Ridges and Contours also, Hope this helps
Answer:
decreases
Explanation:
Since gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between the two interacting objects, more separation distance will result in weaker gravitational forces. So as two objects are separated from each other, the force of gravitational attraction between them also decreases.
