Dictatorships have freely employed mass media as mouthpieces for propaganda and indoctrination, or “brainwashing.” In Nazi Germany, the filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl boosted support for Hitler’s regime with visually impressive but thoroughly propagandistic movies like Triumph of the Will (1935). Stalinist Russia used mass media to churn out relentlessly optimistic artworks in the style of socialist realism, which featured heroic images of productive peasants, tireless factory workers, and stalwart soldiers and pilots, all toiling happily under Stalin’s leadership.
Answer: colonial firefighter had to run to the front stoop of people’s homes to find water. A water pump on a cart was useful, but it still required many men to move it.
