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The edges or boundaries between the ecosystems and within it are the illustrating characteristics of landscapes. In a landscape, the biodiversity is affected by the composition of the landscape itself. When an area possesses boundaries or edges, which minimize the area of the habitat, it also starts to minimize the number of species, which can associate with the communities.
The multiplication of edge species can exhibit both negative and positive influences on the biodiversity of a community. On the other hand, corridors refer to the region associated with the populations of wildlife distinguished by human activities like road construction. The prime objective of designing habitat corridors is to enhance biodiversity. The corridors that have been protracted to other habitat patches can reinstate a certain degree of space and at the same time reestablish certain chances for genetic diversity.
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In gene transfer, researchers introduce a foreign gene directly into cancer cells or into surrounding tissue. The goal is that the newly inserted gene will cause the cancer cells to die or prevent cancer cells and surrounding tissue from funneling blood to tumors, depriving them of nutrients they need for survival.
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C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + Energy
**Glucose + 6 Oxygen -> 6 Water + 6 Carbon Dioxide + Energy**
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In order to be useful in treating human infections, antibiotics must selectively target bacteria for eradication and not the cells of its human host. Indeed, modern antibiotics act either on processes that are unique to bacteria--such as the synthesis of cell walls or folic acid--or on bacterium-specific targets within processes that are common to both bacterium and human cells, including protein or DNA replication. Following are some examples.
Most bacteria produce a cell wall that is composed partly of a macromolecule called peptidoglycan, itself made up of amino sugars and short peptides. Human cells do not make or need peptidoglycan. Penicillin, one of the first antibiotics to be used widely, prevents the final cross-linking step, or transpeptidation, in assembly of this macromolecule. The result is a very fragile cell wall that bursts, killing the bacterium. No harm comes to the human host because penicillin does not inhibit any biochemical process that goes on within us.
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