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RSB [31]
3 years ago
14

Suppose we want to select between two prediction models M1 and M2. We have performed 10-fold cross validation on each. The error

rates obtained for M1 are 30.5, 32.2, 20.7, 20.6,31.0, 41.0, 27.7, 26.0, 21.5, 26.0. The error rates for M1 are 22.4, 14.5, 22.4, 19.6,20.7, 20.4, 22.1, 19.4, 16.2, 35.0.
Is one model significantly better than the other considering a significance level of 1%.?
Computers and Technology
1 answer:
Ksivusya [100]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Since the calculated t value does not fall in the critical region we accept H0 and  conclude that  one model is not significantly better than the other at 1% level of significance.

Explanation:

When the observations from two samples are paired either naturally or by design , we find the difference between two observations of each pair. Treating the differences as a random sample from a normal population with mean μd =μ1-μ2 and unknown standard deviation σd we perform one sample t- test on them. This is called paired difference t- test.

M1               M2           Difference            d²

                                  d= (M1-M2)

30.5,         22.4,         8.1                       65.61          

32.2,       14.5,           17.7                      313.29

20.7,       22.4,          -1.7                       8.3521

20.6,       19.6,             1.0                        1

31.0,       20.7,             10.3                     106.09

41.0,      20.4,             20.6                    424.36

27.7,      22.1,              5.6                      31.36

26.0,      19.4,            6.6                         43.56

21.5,       16.2,            5.3                         28.09                    

<u>26.0.       35.0.            -9.0                      81.0          </u>

<u>∑ 329.2     213.1           64.5                    1102.7121</u>

<u />

<u>Now </u>

d` = ∑di/n = 64.5/10= 6.45

sd² = ∑(di-d`)²/n-1= 1/n-1 [ ∑di²- (∑di)²/n]

     =1/9[ 1102.7121 - (64.5)²/10 ]

       =[1102.7121 - 416.025/9]

       = 79.298

sd= 8.734

We state our null and alternate hypotheses as

H0 : μd= 0   and Ha: μd≠0

The significance level is set at ∝ = 0.01

The test statistic under H0  is

t= d`/ sd/√n

which has a t distribution with n-1 degrees of freedom.

The critical region is  t ≥ t (0.005,9)= 3.250

Calculating t

t= 6.45 / 8.734/ √10

t = 6.45 / 8.734/3.162

t= 6.45 / 2.7621

t= 2.335

Since the calculated t value does not fall in the critical region we accept H0 and  conclude that  one model is not significantly better than the other at 1% level of significance.

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CS160 Computer Science I In class Lab 10
lianna [129]

Answer:

The program in Python is as follows:

fname = input("Enter the translation file name: ")

with open(fname) as file_in:

   lines = []

   for line in file_in:

       lines.append(line.rstrip('\n'))

myDict = {}

for i in range(len(lines)):

x = lines[i].split(":")

myDict[x[0].lower()] = x[1].lower()

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word = input("Enter an English word: ")

while(True):

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if word.lower() in myDict:

 print("The Spanish word is ",myDict[word.lower()])

else:  

 print("I don’t have that word in my list.")

word = input("Enter an English word: ")

Explanation:

This prompts the user for file name

fname = input("Enter the translation file name: ")

This opens the file for read operation

with open(fname) as file_in:

This creates an empty list

   lines = []

This reads through the lines of the file

   for line in file_in:

This appends each line as an element of the list

       lines.append(line.rstrip('\n'))

This creates an empty dictionaty

myDict = {}

This iterates through the list

for i in range(len(lines)):

This splits each list element by :

x = lines[i].split(":")

This populates the dictionary with the list elements

myDict[x[0].lower()] = x[1].lower()

This prints an instruction on how to use the program

print("Enter an English word to receive the Spanish translation.\nPress ENTER to quit.")

This prompts the user for an English word

word = input("Enter an English word: ")

This loop is repeated until the user presses the ENTER key

while(True):

If user presses the ENTER key

if not word:

The loop is exited

 break

If otherwise, this checks if the word exists in the dictionary

if word.lower() in myDict:

If yes, this prints the Spanish translation

 print("The Spanish word is ",myDict[word.lower()])

If otherwise,

else:

Print word does not exist

 print("I don’t have that word in my list.")

Prompt the user for another word

word = input("Enter an English word: ")

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Answer:

Following are the code to this question:

#include<stdio.h>//defining header file

int AND(int x,int y) //defining a method AND that hold two variable in its parameter

{

if(x==1 && y==1)//defining if block to check x and y value is equal to 1

{

return 1;//return value 1

}

else //defining else block

{

   return 0;//return value 0

}

}

int OR(int x,int y)//defining method OR that hold two variable in its parameter

{

if(x==0&&y==0)//defining if block to check x and y value is equal to 1

{

return 0;//return value 0

}

else //defining else block

{

   return 1;//return value 1

}

}

int main()//defining main method

{

int a,b,c;//defining integer variable  

int k=1;//defining integer variable k that holds a value 1

while(k<=8)//defining while loop for 8 time input

{

printf("Please insert 3 numbers in (0 0r 1):\n ");//print message

scanf("%d%d%d", &a, &b, &c);//input value

k++;//increment the value of k by 1

printf("value: %d\n",AND(OR(a,b),c));

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Output:

please find the attachment.

Explanation:

In the above-given C language code two methods "AND and OR" is declared, holds two integer variable "x and y" in its parameters, inside the method a conditional it used that can be defined as follows:

  • In the AND method, inside a conditional statement, if block check x and y both value is same that is 1 it will return 1 or it will goto else block in this it will return value 0.      
  • In the OR method, inside a conditional statement, if block check x and y both value is the same, that is 0 it will return 0 or it will goto else block in this it will return value 1.
  • In the main method, four integers "a,b,c, and k" is declared in which variable "a, b, c" is used in the loop for 8 times input values from the user and print method is used to call the method and prints its return values.

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