The voyages of Christopher Columbus led to the first lasting European contact with the Americas, inaugurating a period of European exploration, conquest, and colonization that lasted for several centuries. Columbus was not the first European explorer to reach the Americas having been preceded by the Norse expedition led by Leif Erikson in the 11th century. Leif Erikson was an Icelandic explorer considered by some as the first European to land in North America (excluding Greenland), before Columbus. There is much debate as some say that many different people, spanning centuries, set foot on the New World (as the Americas were called) before Columbus, and, of course, the ancestors of the Native Americans had already discovered it many years before.
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The philosophes (French for 'philosophers') were writers, intellectuals and scientists who shaped the French Enlightenment during the 18th century. The best known philosophes were Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Denis Diderot
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Countries such as Spain, France and Portugal colonized the region. Although most of Latin America was colonized by Spain, the countries of Portugal and France also had major influences on the region. Due to war and disease, native populations were decimated.
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C) military bases around the world
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