Answer:
There are basically 4 components of Biosphere.
Explanation:
Biosphere is the collection of all ecosystems on earth and their interactions with each other. The Biosphere of earth consists the following components,
1. The Biota
All the living organisms including animals, plants, insects and bacteria is called the Biota.
2. Geosphere
Geosphere is the surface of biosphere that is composed of soil, rocks, mountains etc.
3. Hydrosphere
The hydrosphere includes all the water bodies like ocean, rivers, streams and lakes.
4. Atmosphere
Atmosphere is the climate that describes about the temperature, humidity, wind and rain fall in Biosphere.
Q1) Bacteria are capable of converting atmospheric N in the form of N2 gas to NH3. this process is known as nitrogen fixation. N2 in the atmospheric form is not usable by other organisms, therefore specialised bacteria such as Azetobacter species are capable of carrying out this conversion from N2 gas into NH3 form that can be used by other organisms
Q2) Condensation.
Water in the gaseous state or known as vapour state converted to liquid state, process is known as condensation. in condensation the particles in water become more tightly packed and heat energy is removed from these particles reducing their kinetic energy thus becoming liquid state
Q3)
Transpiration declines
Deforestation is when the number of trees and plants have been cut down therefore numbers have reduced drastically, transpiration is the process in which water is transported through the plant and lost to the environment through evaporation. When the trees and plants have reduced the water lost by way of transpiration is also reduced. This impacts the water cycle as the number of water being cycled in the environment is lesser now.
Q4) the sun
sun is the major source of energy that facilitates the recycling of water in the water cycle. The sun causes water to be evaporated from water bodies and converted to water vapour. This water vapour is then recycled.
Q5) Plants can’t use Nitrogen in the form of N2
N is an essential element needed by plants, however plants cannot use up the atmospheric N2 gas. therefore bacteria are capable of nitrogen fixation that converts N2 gas into forms that can be used up and absorbed by the plants from soil.
Functionality of Genes and chromosomes is described below.
Explanation:
- Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body. Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain a person's genes.
- Genes are contained in chromosomes, which are in the cell nucleus.
- A chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes.Every normal human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes.
- A trait is any gene-determined characteristic and is often determined by more than one gene.Some traits are caused by mutated genes that are inherited or that are the result of a new gene mutation.
- The body produces thousands of different enzymes. Thus, the entire structure and function of the body is governed by the types and amounts of proteins the body synthesizes. Protein synthesis is controlled by genes, which are contained on chromosomes.
- the genotype is a complete set of instructions on how that person’s body synthesizes proteins and thus how that body is supposed to be built and function.
- The phenotype is the actual structure and function of a person’s body. The phenotype is how the genotype manifests in a person—not all the instructions in the genotype may be carried out (or expressed). Whether and how a gene is expressed is determined not only by the genotype but also by the environment (including illnesses and diet) and other factors, some of which are unknown.
- A karyotype is a picture of the full set of chromosomes in a person’s cells.
