Human monoclonal antibody (mAbs) are emerging in the field of cancer therapy and have become an increasing proportion of new drugs that are recently approved. Although there are some methods to obtain antigen-specific mAbs from human B cells, it is generally impossible to directly immunize human beings with antigens of interest. For example, for infectious agents, those approaches are largely restricted. To solve these obstacles, two main approaches have been developed; either by humanizing antigen-specific antibodies from small experimental animals (which is laborious due to the great genetic differences from humans) or rely on the in vitro selection of antigen-specific binders from human antibody repertoires. However, the human mAbs developed by these methods are usually with low affinity.
We are now coming up with a much better idea that is humanizing non-human primates mAbs instead of murine mAbs. Due to the close genetic relationship with humans, immunized NHPs have more potential to be isolated with high affinity antibody to human target than other experimental species, such as mouse, rat and rabbit. In addition, with appropriate method, NHP antibodies are much<span> easier to be humanized</span> without any loss of affinity compared to widely used murine antibodies.
Resource: http://www.creative-biolabs.com/High-Affi-TM-Human-Antibody-Discovery.html
Answer:
Dehydration is a concern since dehydration can lead to severe complications, such as seizures, swelling of the brain, kidney failure, shock, coma and even death. Signs and symptoms of dehydration include: Headache. Dizziness or lightheadedness.
Explanation:
Answer: 2 Heterozygous Tall and 2 homozygous short.
Explanation:
Answer:
In the African savanna, more wildebeests are born than the environment can support. Which is most likely to happen over a period of years as a result? Individuals that are well suited to the environment reproduce, and those that have lesser adaptations die before they reproduce.
Answer:
E (Red shows incomplete dominance over white)
Explanation:
This portrays a monohybrid cross involving a single gene coding for flower colour in snapdragon plants. According to the question, a purebreeding red flowered (homozygous) plant is crossed with a purebreeding white flowered (homozygous) plant to produce an all pink flowered offspring. This phenomenon is called INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE.
Mendel, in his experiments, discovered that an allele can mask the expression of another in a heterozygous state. He called the allele that masks DOMINANT allele while the allele that is masked RECESSIVE allele. However, exceptions like INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE, has occurred in the sense that an allele does not completely mask the expression of its allelic pair, instead an intermediate phenotype, which is a combination/blending of both parental phenotypes is produced.
In this case, the red flowered snapdragon (RR) does not completely cover up the expression of white flower (rr), hence a hybrid/heterozygous offspring is produced that combines the phenotypic characteristics of both parents to form an intermediate flower colour (pink). Hence, it can be said that Red flower is incompletely dominant over white flower or no allele/trait is dominant or recessive to another.
