Answer:
Antibiotic resistance can evolved in bacterial population in the following ways:
Explanation:
- In response to constant exposure to antibiotics some members of a bacterial population develop some beneficial mutations in some essential genes that gives them survival advantage in terms of food and space over the sensitive bacterial strains and hence they are capable of out-competing the sensitive bacteria.
- This happens due to the process of Natural Selection.
- These genes are called antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria usually carry them on plasmids in form of cassettes where genes resistant to multiple drugs are incorporated. These plasmids are called the MDR or Multi-Drug Resistance Plasmids.
- These resistant plasmids can be easily transferred among bacterial populations by conjugation, transformation or transduction or direct plasmid transfer.
- The resistant genes encode for proteins that render the drug ineffective by promoting their efflux from the cells, preventing their entry into the cell, chemically modifying them such that they become non-functional or altering the target site of the drug.
Answer: Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. Cells form structures to create tissue that makes up our bodies, plants, and animals.
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Answer:
A. Month 6 because it had an average of 15.2 hours of sunlight.
Explanation:
Summer Solstice occurs in June, which is the sixth month of the year. Summer Solstice is the longest day of the year, for the Northern hemisphere this is between the 20, 21 or 22 of June, During one of these days, the Northern hemisphere is more exposed to the sun rays giving more hours of sunlight, which means a longer day.
