The DNA double helix is held together by two types of bonds, covalent and hydrogen. Covalent bonds occur within each linear strand and strongly bond the bases, sugars, and phosphate groups (both within each component and between components). Hydrogen bonds occur between the two strands and involve a base from one strand with a base from the second in complementary pairing. These hydrogen bonds are individually weak but collectively quite strong.
Answer:
Chimpanzees.
Explanation:
DNA sequence similarity is helpful to determine the evolutionary relationship between the organisms. The evolutionary tree can easily be constructed if the percentage of the DNA sequence similarity is known.
The human shows 98.8% sequence similarity with chimpanzee. The sequence similarity between human and gorilla DNA is 98.4%. This means Chimpanzee are more closely related to humans than gorillas.
Thus, the answer is chimpanzee.
Answer:
C) 2.0 kb
Explanation:
It is given that out of the 4 nucleotides A, T, C & G each one has equal probability to occur at any position on the DNA molecule which simply means that the probability of occurrence of any nucleotide at a position is 1/4.
Also, it is given that probability of occurrence of either A or T at 3rd position is equal which means that the probability at that particular position will be 2/4 = 1/2.
Now, GA(A/T)TC is the DNA sequence where Restriction enzyme HinfI cleaves so the total probability of an average HinfI cleavage fragment will be = 1/4 x 1/4 x 1/2 x 1/4 x 1/4 = 0.00195 = 0.2 i.e. 2 kb.
Answer:
Disadvantages
Primarily made from non-renewable sources including fossil fuel
Provide nutrients to plants but nothing to sustain soil
Chance of over fertilization, that may damage crop and entire soil ecosystem
Leaching and move to rivers and sea causing eutrophication
Repeated application may lead to toxic build up of arsenic, cadmium etc in soil that may be present in fruits and vegetables.
Advantages:
•rapid action
•Constituent ratios defined
Explanation:
Some mutations may be favorable for survival Ex. A genetic mutation can cause animals to be more resistant to illnesses.