Absolute Monarchy was a Government with a sovereign leader who came into power by marriage or offspring; they had complete control with no limitations from constitution or law. They were considered the head of state and head of Government. Most Absolute Monarchies followed the Divine Right of the Kings - The Divine Right implies to everyone that the Monarch in power is a representative of God, and by default, didn’t have to answer to anybody but God. This was a factor in keeping the people under control, and took away the right to question the Monarch’s authority. Although it is very clear that Monarchs of Absolute Monarchies are free to do anything with their authority that they want, patterns in history have proved that to achieve true Absolute Monarchy, the support of others was necessary. Monarchs were often influenced by or shared power with other interests. The church was incredibly influential, and some power was shared with the clergy because of their strong influence on the citizens. Nobility could play a role as well. If there was enough opposition on something the Monarch did, power could be reduced. There have been quite a few Absolute Monarchies throughout history, and the ‘strongest’ one was Louis XIV of France. There was no other power than him - meaning there were no legislative, judicial, or executive powers. No matter what he said, even if it was sentencing someone to death, it was final. The Czars of Russia are another great example; until 1905, the Czars had complete power over their subjects. The idea of Divine Right and the power of the Czars was so deeply relevant in their history and culture that it took a long time for absolutism to be abolished. Absolutism by itself can be described a lot alike to what an Absolute Monarchy is - the ruling individual has ‘absolute’ power, with no legal, electoral or other confrontation to that power. However, an Absolute Monarchy does not exist anymore, but the format of a Monarchy still remains. A Constitutional Monarchy is sometimes called a ‘limited monarchy’, and just like it suggests, it’s because the monarchy has limitations and other powers at work. With a Constitutional Monarchy, an elected or hereditary Monarch is the head of state (not a sole source of power). There is a also Government that works along with the Queen or King. A majority of Constitutional Monarchies have a parliamentary system where the Monarch is the head of state, but there is a Prime Minister as head of Government. To be clear - even though it is called a Limited Monarchy the Monarch still has power; they are the head of the executive branch. Looking back into history, the first official Constitutional Monarchy were the Hittites - ancient Anatolian people alive amidst the Bronze Age. Their king or queen was required to apportion their power with the Panku, which was an assembly. This Panku could easily be compared to a legislature today. Different kinds of noble families made up this assembly.
Direct Democracy is where the citizens are included in the decisions the Government makes, but the Government is still in charge. Sometimes, this term can be used for electing representatives in a direct vote as opposed to voting for an electing body, Electoral College, etc. There are many forms of Direct Democracy, and most are based around the popular vote of a political decision. Mandatory Referendums are held only when a referendum vote is required by law, like constitutions. Referendums of Government Authorities are where a president, cabinet, or legislature decides to take a popular vote on an issue. Citizens’ Initiatives are where something can be backed up by a certain amount of signatures, allowing the electorate to vote on political things proposed by a group, on bills approved by a legislature but not yet in action, or on laws that are already in force. In history, the Athens were one of the first to use Direct Democracy. Decisions were made by groups of around 1,000 male citizens. These were called people’s assemblies. As history went on, Swiss towns and some town meetings in early American colonies and states used it. Early US states began to use systems where constitutions or constitutional amendments were officially valid by referendums. Switzerland and many US states included direct democracy in their constitutions during the 19th century, and then Germany and a few others adopted it in World War 1. Modern Democracy (our Direct Democracy today) is said to have originated from the ideas of more political representation and voting rights - people wanted to be more involved in their Government. Modern democracy was not developed from the idea of assembly democracy like the Athens, but that is a fundament in the scheme of things.
Monarchy Monarchies are limited, also called constitutional, or absolute. In limited, or constitutional, monarchies there is a division between the governing body and the ruling body so that an independent body, usually a parliament, establishes laws, while the ruling body, the monarch, remains influential in affairs of state and public welfare. With the monarchy limited by a constitution, as Great Britain's monarchy is, the role of the monarch is defined constitutionally.
Democracy Democracies are governed by elected heads of state, usually a President or a Prime Minister. The right to make laws, levy taxes, raise a military and engage in war resides in the legislative bodies, a parliament or a congress, that have also been elected by the populace. The president or prime minister of a government works in tandem with the legislative bodies, while the court system tests and validates or challenges laws and actions that are called into question. The paramount difference between an absolute monarchy and a democratic (and/or republican) government is that there are safeguards in place in a democracy so that any action taken by a head of state or a legislative body can be challenged in the highest court and, possibly, rescinded. The flaw comes in that courts cannot ultimately be challenged; when the highest court gets it wrong, it usually stays wrong.
the incident in which 13 freedom fighters of Nepali congress were killed in timburbote forest of Tingla solukhumbhu for protesting against Panchayati regime.
I believe the answer is: <span>Multiple-choice test
</span><span>Multiple-choice test is a testing method which requires the student to choose one correct answer from available options. </span>This type of method is perfect for a students who already have several lessons from a certain topics but still haven't be able to grasp the full concept of that topic.
Detecting a black hole is a challenging endeavor for astronomers. A black hole doesn't emit any observable radiation since it cannot allow radiation to escape into space. As a result, astronomers find it incredibly challenging to observe black holes.
In space, a black hole is a region where gravity is so strong that even light cannot escape. Because the substance is compressed into such a small area, the gravity is extremely intense. When a star is dying, this may take place.
Anything that gets too close to these infinitely dense places in space will be spaghettified. Space-based black holes are regions of extreme density that produce large gravity wells. Even light cannot escape the strong pull of a black hole's gravity once it reaches a specific area.