Answer:
Interdepartmental politics is a major problem with <u>horizontal </u>communication.
✘ Create dotted-line relationships to formalize communications.
✔ Establish goals for communication in advance.
✔ Focus communication on achieving a certain task or outcome.
✘ When creating teams, choose people with wide differences in rank within the organization.
Victor Vroom's expectancy theory is one such management theory focused on motivation. According to Holdford and Lovelace-Elmore (2001, p. 8), Vroom asserts, "intensity of work effort depends on the perception that an individual's effort will result in a desired outcome
Answer:
The correct answer would be, Monitor.
Explanation:
Emma, the marketing manager, is constantly seeking information about her competition while looking online or speaking to people. Emma is playing the role of a Monitor.
Monitor's role is to reassure the professionals or institutions about the stability of the company. Monitor sets a close look at the competitors and the possible competition he can encounter, while working on making networks. Monitors make networks by talking to people and have a look at every possible beneficial detail. So the Marketing managers usually act as the monitors. This is because they can have all the information which is required to formulate the powerful marketing strategy for the company.
Answer:
A budget is a financial plan used to estimate future income and expenses. The budgeting process may be carried out by individuals or by organizations. Budgets help an entity determine whether it can continue to operate with its projected income and expenses.
Explanation:
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