In neuroscience, the threshold potential is the critical level to which a membrane potential must be depolarized to initiate an action potential. Threshold potentials are necessary to regulate and propagate signaling in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Most often, the threshold potential is a membrane potential value between –50 and –55 mV,[1] but can vary based upon several factors. A neuron's resting membrane potential (–70 mV) can be altered to either increase or decrease likelihood of reaching threshold via sodium and potassium ions. An influx of sodium into the cell through open, voltage-gated sodium channels can depolarize the membrane past threshold and thus excite it while an efflux of potassium or influx of chloride can hyperpolarize the cell and thus inhibit threshold from being reached.
The answer is <span>5.2 × 10-2 newtons.
To calculate this, we will use Coulomb's Law:
</span>F =
where F is repulcive force, k is constant, Q is charge, r is distance between charges.
<span>
If:
</span>
=
= 1.2 ×
C²
r = 5.0 ×
C²
k = 5.0 ×
Then:
<span>
</span>⇒
⇒
⇒
Answer:
What are nutrients?
Nutrients are substances that are derived from food which aids biological activities and are necessary for the body
Nutrients are needed by the body to derive energy from the food and liquid we take.
The main nutrient our body make use mostly is the carbohydrates, fats and protein which are used for energy. Also water is also used in the body for transportation of nutrients
Explanation:
If you are going from a high gradient to a low gradient it’s passive transport. Think of a hill if you put a rock at the top of that hill it will go down no energy involved. Active transport is going up the hill you must use energy to push that rock up the hill because it’s from a low gradient to the top. Hope this helps
Sup if u go to enter st and type this is it will give u all information
