The Incan civil war weakened the empire exhausting its resources and killing its fighters, thus leaving the door open to conquest by the Spanish
With their far greater numbers, they might have repelled the European forces meaning that they could have retained control of the continent
The answer is impeachment
The cartoon is not loaded, however one could assume due to attitudes about politicians, its likely about lying or mud slinging
Because it became equally as important as learning religion during those times
