Lack of O2, hunger, hypothermia... Everything can be a problem when in Everest
Magma chamber
central vent
crater
I think
Vertical. Many rocks in mountainous areas can be vertical or even overturned.
Contour lines determine the steepness of the land by how close they are together. Generally, contour lines rise to a particular scale (e.g. a line for every ten metres), therefore, if the contour lines are closer together then the height of that particular area has risen more steeply than if the contour lines are further apart where the steepness has increased more gradually.